POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
SOCIOLOGY
485/585
COURSE
SYLLABUS
SUMMER I 2004
SOC 485 Syllabus: Printer
Friendly Version SOC 585 Syllabus: Printer Friendly Version |
Study Questions |
Assignments Soc 485 |
Assignments Soc 585 |
Grading |
Policies and Expectations |
Course Outline |
Course Readings |
Additional Resources |
Course
Information:
Meeting Place:
204 Kethley Hall
Meeting Times: Monday–Friday, 8:00–9:45 am
June 1–July 2, 2004
Instructor Information:
Instructor: Dr. Alan Barton | Graduate Assistant: Rebecca Kimport |
Office: 201A Kethley | The Graduate Assistant is available for consultation by appointment. Please contact her during class to set up a meeting time. |
Telephone: (662) 846-4097 | |
E-mail: abarton@deltastate.edu | |
Webpage: http://ntweb.deltastate.edu/vp_academic/abarton/ | |
Office Hours: The instructor holds regular office hours Monday–Friday, 9:45–10:30 am. If you cannot make one of these times, use the above contact information to set up an appointment. |
Course Webpage:
The most up-to-date information on the course can be found on the course webpage:
http://ntweb.deltastate.edu/vp_academic/abarton/SOC485/SOC485Syllabus.htm
Course Overview:
This course introduces students to demography, the study of population
structure and change, and to causes and consequences of demographic conditions. The course
highlights demographic concepts, such as fertility, mortality, migration and
population momentum;
demographic topics, such as population change, overpopulation, and
urbanization; and demographic
relations, such as the nexus between population growth and agricultural production,
environmental deterioration, and public health. Population processes are situated in the context of sustainable
development, to understand the interactions between population change and
broader social and environmental change.
Prerequisite: SOC 101 or permission of instructor.
Readings:
The readings for this course are all available on-line. The
Course
Outline below lists the reading assignments for each class meeting; you should do
the assigned reading BEFORE the class meeting for which it is assigned.
All of the readings are listed in the
Course Readings section below, under the course outline, along with
instructions on how to access each article.
Click here for
tips on how to study the course readings.
WebCT:
WebCT will be used occasionally in this course. All students should
create a WebCT account.
Click here for instructions on
how to create a WebCT account and for information on how to use WebCT.
Study Questions:
Each week, a set of study questions pertaining to the week's topic will be
posted on this website. These questions are designed to assist you with the week's reading assignments. It is recommended that
you prepare short answers to these questions to prepare for lectures and discussions. Questions for the quizzes, the final exam, and writing assignments
are frequently drawn from these study questions.
Click on the link for the weekly study questions:
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 |
Learning is least useful when it is private and hidden; it most powerful when
it becomes public and communal. Learning flourishes when we take what we
think we know and offer it as community property among fellow learners so that
it can be tested, examined, challenged, and improved before we internalize it.
~Lee Shulman
Course
Objectives:
Students that successfully complete this course will be able to:
(1) Define important demographic concepts and calculate demographic measures.
(2) Explain how population structure has changed through history, and provide reasons why population structure has changed.
(3) Explain the connections between population structure, population change, and food production.
(4) Explain the connections between population structure, population change, and various environmental issues.
(5) Identify and discuss current issues, and how they are shaped by population structure and change.
These objectives contribute to overall course goals:
(1) Developing critical thinking
skills. The class discussions, readings,
writing assignments and quizzes are designed to encourage you to develop and
use higher-order thinking skills, including analytical, synthetic and applied
thinking.
Click here for more information on thinking critically.
(2) Understanding the social structures and processes that condition our
lives. A basic goal of all sociology courses is to help you understand
the nature and workings of these social structures, and how they open
opportunities and impose constraints on individuals operating within these
structures. C. Wright Mills called this using your "sociological
imagination;" activities in this course are designed to encourage you to use
your sociological imagination.
Click
here for more information on the sociological imagination.
Course Organization and Approach:
This course uses a participatory, learner-centered, adult education approach. An adult education approach recognizes that YOU are responsible for your own learning. The professor can only provide opportunities to learn, but cannot force you to learn. You are expected to work hard in this course, meaning that for every hour of class time, you should spend at least two to three hours outside of class preparing by doing readings, assignments, studying for quizzes and exams, and thinking about the course material.
You are expected to take responsibility
for the success of the course, that is, you should take an active interest not
just in the course material, but in the course itself, making it a success for
all participants. Factors such as interest, motivation, creativity, and
initiative are important elements in evaluating your performance in the course
and assigning a grade.
Course material is presented in several formats, including articles from
scientific journals, pamphlets from government agencies and social service
organizations, videos, lecture, and student-led class discussions. The
course material combines basic demographic concepts and tools, which are
applied to historic and topical social and environmental policy issues.
All students taking the course for undergraduate (SOC 485) credit must complete the following assignments:
(1) Reading, Attendance and Participation
in Class Discussions (20 points)
• You are expected to do all of the assigned readings and attend all class sessions
• You are expected to engage in classroom discussions, reflecting on the topic and readings
• In class discussions, the quality of your contributions is more important than the quantity of contributions
• Participation
in class discussions is not graded based on whether what you say is “right” or “wrong;”
rather, you are expected to engage the material critically, and demonstrate an
understanding and ability to apply the course material in productive ways
Additional Resources:
•
Click here for tips
on taking effective class notes
•
Click here for tips
on getting the most out of class sessions
•
Click here for more
tips on getting the most out of class sessions
•
Click here for
tips on how to study the course readings.
(2) Quizzes (30 points)
• You will take four in-class quizzes during the semester
• Quizzes consist of short-answer questions (e.g. multiple choice, true-false, fill-in-the-blank, matching terms) and practical questions (e.g. questions that ask you to calculate figures)
• The first quiz covers the course material presented since the beginning of the semester, including readings, lectures, films, and discussions; subsequent quizzes cover material since the previous quiz
• Each quiz is
worth 10 points; the lowest grade will be dropped at the end of the semester
Additional Resources:
•
Click here for
suggestions on studying for quizzes
(3) Case Studies (30 points)
• You will
prepare and submit a five-page research paper, due on Friday, June 25
• The paper will present case studies of demographic and environmental change
in two countries; Use the link below for instructions on how to prepare this
assignment
• You will present the results of your paper to the class during the final week of classes (June 28–July 2)
• Your paper
should be typed, 10 or 12 point font, 1 inch margins, double spaced
• You are expected to do your own work on this project and paper; the course policy on
plagiarism and cheating will be enforced with no exceptions.
Assignments:
•
Click here for
guidelines on preparing the SOC 485 case studies paper and presentation
•
Click here for a list of paper topics selected by
individual class members
•
Click here for a schedule of the case study
presentations
Additional Resources:
• Click here for tips on writing papers for this course
• Click here for
the course policy on plagiarism and cheating
•
Click here for the Delta State Library's guide to plagiarism prevention
(4) "Demography in the News" Discussions
(10 points)
• You will lead one 20–25 minute discussion on a topic of current interest pertaining to demography, population change, food production and/or the environment
• Select an article from a current newspaper or news magazine that pertains to your topic
• Submit your article to the professor two days before your discussion, along with a list of discussion questions; your article will be photocopied and shared with other students in the class
• You will then facilitate a class discussion on the topic, encouraging participation by all members of the class
• You should get other students talking about
the topic, mediate the contributions of other students to keep the discussion
focused, and guide the discussion to ensure that the social and policy issues
are covered
Assignments:
• Click here for a schedule of "Demography in the News" discussion leaders
Additional Resources:
• Click here for
tips on leading a discussion
(5) Discretionary (10 points)
• The instructor will evaluate your performance based on factors such as the motivation, interest, and improvement over the course of the semester
All students taking the course for graduate (SOC 585) credit must complete the following assignments:
(1) Reading, Attendance and Participation
in Class Discussions (20 points)
• You are expected to do all of the assigned readings and attend all class sessions
• You are expected to engage in classroom discussions, reflecting on the topic and readings critically, and demonstrating an understanding and ability to apply the course material in productive ways
• In class discussions, the quality of your contributions is more important than the quantity of contributions
(2) Quizzes (30 points)
• There will be four in-class quizzes during the semester
• Quizzes consist of short essay questions (requiring 3 to 4 paragraphs each) and practical questions (e.g questions that ask you to calculate figures)
• The first quiz covers the course material presented since the beginning of the semester, including readings, lectures, films, and discussions; subsequent quizzes cover material since the previous quiz
• Each quiz is worth 10 points; the lowest grade will be dropped at the end of the semester
(3) Case Studies (20 points)
• Prepare and submit a seven-eight−page paper, due on Friday, June 25
• The paper will present case studies of demographic and environmental change in two countries; Use the link below for more information on how to prepare this assignment
• You will present the results of your case study to the class during the final week of classes (June 28−July 2)
• Your paper should be typed, 10 or 12 point font, 1 inch margins, double spaced
• You are expected to do your own work
on this paper; the course policy on plagiarism and
cheating will be enforced with no exceptions
Assignments:
•
Click here for guidelines on preparing the
SOC 585 case studies paper and presentation
•
Click here for
a list of paper topics selected by individual class
members
•
Click here for a
schedule of the case study presentations
Additional Resources:
• Click here for tips on writing papers for this course
• Click here for
the course policy on plagiarism and cheating
•
Click here for the Delta State Library's guide to plagiarism prevention
(4) Teaching About Demographic Research (20 points)
• Select one of the research articles listed below under "Discussion Articles"
• Prepare and lead a 30-minute discussion with the other graduate
students, covering the demographic, environmental and social issues raised in
the article and relating the article to other material presented in the course
• Prepare a lesson plan detailing how
you would teach the topic of this article to a group of elementary or high
school students
• Submit the lesson plan on Monday, June 21
Assignments:
• Click here for guidelines on preparing the lesson plan
• Click here for guidelines on leading the discussion
•
Click here for a schedule of
"Teaching About Demographic Research" discussion leaders
Additional Resources:
• Click here for
tips on leading a discussion
(5) Discretionary (10 points)
• The instructor will evaluate your performance based on factors such as motivation, interest, and improvement over the course of the semester
There are a total of 100 points available for the semester. Your final score is simply the sum of all points earned over the semester. If you accumulate 90 or more points over the course of the semester, you will get an “A” in the course. If you accumulate 80 to 89 points, you will get a “B,” for 70 to 79 points you will get a “C,” and for 60 to 69 points will get a “D.” If you total less than 60 points, your final grade will be an “F.” Note that you start with zero and earn points; you do not start with 100 and lose points.
If you comply with all course requirements
and submit all of the assignments satisfactorily and on time, you can expect a
“C” in this course. To receive a higher grade, you must demonstrate a
superior grasp of course material and an ability to apply the material in
productive ways. It is also helpful to show an interest in the course
material and in learning, and an achievement-based orientation.
Your final grade in this course represents
an evaluation of your performance in the class. It is not an assessment of
you as a person, nor of your knowledge and abilities in general. If you want
to get a higher grade in this course, you should focus on meeting all of the
course requirements and doing well on the assigned coursework.
This table summarizes the total possible points for each assignment:
Assignment |
SOC 485 |
SOC 585 |
Attendance/Class Participation |
20 |
20 |
Quizzes |
30 |
30 |
Case Studies Paper & Presentation |
30 |
20 |
"Demography in the News" Discussion Leader |
10 |
N/A |
Teaching About Demographic Research, Discussion Leader & Lesson Plan |
N/A |
20 |
Discretionary |
10 |
10 |
Total |
100 |
100 |
16.9% of Mississippians have a college degree. For the U.S., the figure is 24.4% (Source: U.S. Census, 2000).
When you finish your degree, you will join an elite group. What is your strategy for finishing your degree?
"From
everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who
has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked." Luke 12:48
Will you be ready to live up to the responsibilities of a college
graduate?
(1) YOU are responsible for learning the course material and for your progress in the course
• You are expected to attend class regularly. An attendance sheet will be passed around at every class session. Make sure you sign the attendance sheet at each class meeting – this will serve as the official record of attendance, and if your name is not on the sheet, you will not receive credit for attending on that date.
• You are expected to complete all of the assignments and know all material presented during class sessions, whether you attended the class or not. If you miss a class session, you should check with another student to see what you missed.
• “I didn’t know” is NEVER a valid excuse. If you don’t know something, it is your job to find out.
(2) Missed assignments CANNOT be made up
• It is assumed that if you miss class or an assignment, you are making a choice that prioritizes other activities above the class. For this reason, none of the assignments or coursework can be made up.
• Assignments are due at the time specified; no late assignments will be accepted.
• If you miss an assignment, you will receive a grade of zero. In some cases, this will count as your lowest grade and will be dropped; subsequent instances will be scored as zero.
• If you must miss a presentation or other in-class activity, it is up to you to arrange to trade with another student before the event. Please notify the instructor of such changes. Points will be deducted from your grade if you simply do not show up for a presentation.
(3) Illnesses and emergencies MUST be documented
• If you must miss a class due to illness or another personal emergency, notify the instructor BEFORE the missed class period either by e-mail or telephone.
• If you cannot notify the instructor in advance, bring a note from a doctor or other professional to the next class meeting.
• Illnesses and emergencies pertain only to you, not to your family, friends or others.
• If you must miss class for an official university activity, you should make arrangements with the instructor BEFORE the missed class. Appropriate documentation is required.
• Notified absences (i.e. you notify the instructor before the event) count as one-half absence. Excused absences (i.e. you bring a note from a doctor or other professional) will not count against you for the first two; after that, each excused absence counts as one-half absence.
• You are responsible for all material presented in the class, even during an excused absence. You should get class notes from another student for all class sessions you miss.
• It is in your interest to provide the instructor with written notification (e.g. a note or e-mail) or documentation for any missed class. It is risky to simply tell the instructor and expect him to remember.
(4) Appropriate accommodations will be made to accomodate medical problems or diagnosed disabilities. If you require special arrangements, have Dr. Richard Houston at the Reily Health Center (846-4690) contact the course instructor.
(5) Class discussion is an important element in this course
• The purpose of the discussion is to provide you with an opportunity to practice thinking skills in a safe environment.
• In discussions, you are encouraged to explore ideas presented in the readings, lectures, and films, to think about and apply concepts, and to develop arguments and evaluate evidence.
• You must demonstrate appropriate respect the opinions and ideas of other students. If you repeatedly show disrespect for other students, you will be asked to leave the classroom.
• Class discussions are NOT a time to chat with other students about topics not related to the course. Talking privately with other students while the rest of the class is trying to carry on a discussion is disruptive, bothersome, and disrespectful to other students and to the professor. If you repeatedly talk out of turn, you will be asked to leave the classroom.
• It is acceptable (and encouraged) to disagree with the perspectives of other students, but you should phrase this to show disagreement with the idea or opinion, not with the person presenting the idea or opinion.
• Please make sure that all pagers, cell phones, etc. are
turned off during class time. If your phone or pager repeatedly
interrupts class, you will be asked to leave the classroom.
• During quizzes and other closed-book in-class work, leave your phones and
pagers at home. If your phone or pager interrupts the class during a
quiz or closed-book assignment, you will be asked to turn in your quiz or
assignment immediately. If your phone is visible during a quiz or
closed-book assignment (e.g. it is sitting on your desk), you will be asked to
turn in your quiz or assignment immediately.
• If you are asked to leave the classroom for disruptive or disrespectful behavior, you cannot make up any work you miss as a result.
(6) You are expected to comply with all academic standards and ethics as defined in the DSU Bulletin and Handbook
• You are expected to do your own work in this course. Plagiarism and other forms of cheating will NOT be tolerated.
• Click here if you are unsure what constitutes plagiarism. The DSU Library's "Plagiarism Prevention: A Guide for Students" is also a good resource. If it is still unclear, see the instructor. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO UNDERSTAND THESE GUIDELINES. If at some point in the semester you are suspected of committing plagiarism, pleas of “I didn’t know what plagiarism was” will not be accepted.
• The sanctions for plagiarism are outlined on the web page linked above. Make sure you are aware of these BEFORE you submit any work in this class.
Course Outline:
Click on hyperlinks for
notes.
Day/Date |
Topic |
Assignment |
Readings |
Week 1: Introduction to Population Studies |
|||
Tuesday June 1 |
•Review Syllabus •Video: “World Population” •Introduction to Demography |
|
|
Wednesday June 2 |
•Demographic Measures & Variables •Introduction to Population Pyramids |
|
McFalls (2003), p. 3−19 |
Thursday June 3 |
•Video: “World in the Balance I” •Constructing Population Pyramids |
|
McFalls (2003), p. 19−37 |
Friday June 4 |
•Video: “World in the Balance II” •Discussion on Video |
|
Brown, Gardner & Halweil (1998), pp 5−39 |
Week 2: Understanding Demographic Change |
|||
Monday June 7 |
•Urbanization, Population Distribution |
|
Davis (1945) |
Tuesday June 8 |
•SOC 485: Constructing a Table •Quiz |
Quiz 1 |
SOC 485: None |
Wednesday June 9 |
|
Durkheim (1893) |
|
Thursday June 10 |
•Video: “Going to Chicago” •Discussion on Video |
|
Brown, Gardner & Halweil (1998), pp. 40−77 |
Friday June 11 |
•Demography in the News |
Discussion Leader |
SOC 485: Newspaper articles |
Week 3: Population Change and Food |
|||
Monday June 14 |
|
Malthus (1798) Engels (1844) |
|
Tuesday June 15 |
|
UNFPA (2001), p. 1−36 |
|
Wednesday June 16 |
•Case Studies on Alternative Forms of Food Production •Quiz |
Quiz 2 |
None |
Thursday June 17 |
|
Boserup (1965) |
|
Friday June 18 |
•Demography in the News |
Discussion Leader |
SOC 485: Newspaper articles |
Week 4: Population Change and the Environment |
|||
Monday June 21 |
•Video: “Paul Ehrlich & the Population Bomb” •Discussion on Video |
SOC 585: Lesson Plan Due |
Ehrlich (1968) |
Tuesday June 22 |
|
UNFPA (2001), p. 37−58 |
|
Wednesday June 23 |
|
Commoner (1971) Simon (1994) |
|
Thursday June 24 |
•Case Studies: Issues in Developing Countries •Quiz |
Quiz 3 |
None |
Friday June 25 |
•Demography in the News |
Discussion Leader; Research Paper Due |
SOC 485: Newspaper articles |
Week 5: Summary: Causes and Consequences of a Growing Population |
|||
Monday June 28 |
•Gender and Population Growth |
|
Caldwell (2000) |
Tuesday June 29 |
•Video: “Water, Land, People & Conflict” •Discussion on Video |
|
None |
Wednesday June 30 |
•Case Study Presentations |
Case Study Presentation |
None |
Thursday July 1 |
•Case Study Presentations |
Case Study Presentation |
None |
Friday July 2 |
•Case Study Presentations •Quiz •Course Evaluation |
Case Study Presentation Quiz 4 |
None |
An international study of 13-year-olds ... found that Koreans ranked first in
mathematics and Americans last. When asked if they thought they were "good
at mathematics," only 23 percent of the Korean youngsters said "yes" − compared
to 68 percent of American 13-year-olds. The American educational dogma
that students should "feel good about themselves" was a success in its own terms
− though not in any other terms.
~Thomas Sowell (quoted in J.M. Henslin, 2004)
Course Readings:
Overview Texts:
Lester R. Brown, Gary Gardner, and Brian Halweil. 1998. Beyond Malthus: Sixteen Dimensions of the Population Problem. Worldwatch Paper 143, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC. Available at
http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/paper/143.html
Joseph A. McFalls, Jr. 2003. Population: A Lively Introduction, Fourth
Edition. Population Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 4, Population Reference Bureau,
Washington, DC. Available at
http://www.prb.org/pdf/populationlivelyintro.pdf
UNFPA. 2001. Footprints and Milestones: Population and Environmental Change.
The State of the World Population 2001, United Nations Population Fund, New
York. Available at:
http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2001/pdf/index.html
Topical Readings:
Ester Boserup. 1965. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of
Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. Aldine Publishing Co., Chicago.
Introduction, pp. 11−14; Chapters 4 & 5, pp. 35−55. Available in the course reading packet.
John C. Caldwell. 2000. Rethinking the
African AIDS Epidemic. Population and Development Review 26(1):117−135.
Available from the
DSU Library Full-Text Electronic Journals
Barry Commoner. 1971. The Environmental Crisis, from
The Closing Circle: Nature, Man and Technology.
Random House, New York. Chapter 1. Available at
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/3621/COMMONER.HTM
Kingsley Davis. 1945. The World Demographic Transition.
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science 237:1−11. Available in the course reading
packet.
Emile Durkheim. 1893. The Causes, from The Division of Labor in Society.
The Free Press, New York (1933). Book II, Chapter Two, pp. 256−282. Available
in the course reading packet.
Paul R. Ehrlich. 1968. The Problem, from The Population Bomb. Ballantine
Books, New York. Chapter 1, pp. 3−44. Available in the course reading packet.
Friedrich Engels. 1844. The Myth of Overpopulation, from Outlines of a
Critique of Political Economy. Reprinted in Ronald L. Meek (ed.), Marx
and Engels on the Population Bomb, Ramparts Press, Berkeley, CA (1971).
Available in the course reading packet.
Thomas Malthus. 1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population.
Preface, Chapters 1 & 2. Available
at
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/malthus/malthus.0.html
Julian Simon. 1994. Population Growth is Not Bad for Humanity, from Norman Myers
and Julian Simon, Scarcity or Abundance? A Debate on the Environment.
W.W. Norton, New York. Chapter 2. Available at
http://www.rhsmith.umd.edu/Faculty/JSimon/Norton/NORTON02.txt
Recommended Readings:
Roger-Mark De Souza, John S. Williams, and Frederick A.B. Meyerson. 2003.
Critical Links: Population, Health, and the Environment. Population
Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 3, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC.
Available at http://www.prb.org/pdf/CriticalLinksPHE_Eng.pdf
Arthur Haupt and Thomas T. Kane. 2004.
Population Handbook, Fifth Edition. Population Reference Bureau,
Washington, DC. Available at
http://www.prb.org/pdf/PopHandbook_Eng.pdf
Discussion Articles (SOC
585):
Date | Topic | Article | Available |
June 8 | Ethics | Daniel Goodkind. 1999. Should Prenatal Sex Selection Be Restricted? Ethical Questions and Their Implications for Research and Policy. Population Studies 53(1):49−61. | DSU Library Full-Text Electronic Journals |
June 11 | Fertility | Amy Ong Tsui. 2001. Population Policies, Family Planning Programs, and Fertility: The Record. Population and Development Review 27 (Supplement):184–204. | DSU Library Full-Text Electronic Journals |
Mortality | James Vaupel. 2001. Demographic Insights into Longevity. Population 13(1):245–259. | DSU Library Full-Text Electronic Journals | |
Migration | Diane C. Bates. 2002. Environmental Refugees? Classifying Human Migrations Caused by Environmental Change. Population and Environment 23(5):465–477. | Course Reading Packet | |
June 18 | Population Change | John Bongaarts and Rodolfo A. Bulatao. 1999. Completing the Demographic Transition. Population and Development Review 25(3):515–529. | DSU Library Full-Text Electronic Journals |
Soils | Pay Drechsel, Dagmar Kunze and Frits Penning de Vries. 2001. Soil Nutrient Depletion and Population Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Malthusian Nexus? Population and Environment 22(4):411–423. | Course Reading Packet | |
Land Use | Paul E. Waggoner and Jesse H. Ausubel. 2001. How Much Will Feeding More and Wealthier People Encroach on Forests? Population and Development Review 27(2):239–257. | DSU Library Full-Text Electronic Journals | |
June 25 | Pollution | Kevin Riley. 2002. Motor Vehicles in China: The Impact of Demographic and Economic Changes. Population and Environment 23(5):479–494. | Course Reading Packet |
Energy | Richard C. Duncan. 2001. World Energy Production, Population Growth, and the Road to the Olduvai Gorge. Population and Environment 22(5):503–522. | Course Reading Packet | |
Natural Resources | Bonnie Kranzer. 2003. Everglades Restoration: Interactions of Population and Environment. Population and Environment 24(6):455–484. | Course Reading Packet |
Additional Resources:
PREPARATION and PERSEVERANCE are the KEYS to SUCCESS
Be prepared; don’t give up
See what others have to say about preparation
See what others have to
say about perseverance
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